![]() ![]() These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. It is also the proving ground for studying the border area between quantum and classical mechanics. For example, its energy domain extends from nanokelvin temperatures to relativistic energies. It led the way to initial developments in quantum mechanics and remains extraordinarily vigorous to this day. ![]() Atomic physics is periodically reinvigorated by new experimental and theoretical methods. Ionized and neutral atoms, positive and negative electrons, physical properties of molecules, as opposed to chemical and biological, and exotic systems such as muonium and positronium can be considered to be fair game for this enormous field. ![]() Data from atomic physics are necessary inputs for modeling phenomena in plasmas, condensed matter, neutral fluids, etc. Even so these “minor” roles can be employed to great advantage to study a wide variety of subjects, such as the determination of nuclear properties, and even delve into quantum electrodynamics and parity nonconservation in weak interactions. ![]() Atomic physics 1 deals with any interactions in nature in which the electromagnetic force plays a dominant role and the other forces of nature play relatively minor roles, or no roles at all. ![]()
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